An incremental encoder counts motion as pulses; position is lost on power-off and homing is required. An absolute encoder reports the exact position at all times; position is retained even after power-off.
- Incremental
- Cheap, needs homing
- Absolute (single-turn)
- Position within one turn
- Absolute (multi-turn)
- Also remembers turn count
In multi-turn absolute encoders a battery preserves the turn count; when it dies, position loss and an encoder alarm occur.
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